D3: a gene induced during myeloid cell differentiation of Linlo c-Kit+ Sca-1(+) progenitor cells.

In an effort to characterize molecular events contributing to lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, we have used differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and cell lines blocked at two distinct stages of differentiation. The cell lines used were EML, which is representative of normal multipotential primitive progenitors (Sca-1(+), CD34(+), c-Kit+, Thy-1(+)) able to differentiate into erythroid, myeloid, and B-lymphoid cells in vitro, and MPRO, which is a more committed progenitor cell line, with characteristics of promyelocytes able to differentiate into granulocytes. One clone isolated by this approach was expressed in MPRO but not in EML cells and contained sequence identical to the 3' untranslated region of D3, a gene cloned from activated peritoneal macrophages of unknown function. We have observed a novel pattern of D3 gene expression and found that D3 is induced in EML cells under conditions that promote myeloid cell differentiation (interleukin-3 [IL-3], stem cell factor [SCF], and all-trans-retinoic acid [atRA]) starting at 2 days, corresponding to the appearance of promyelocytes. D3 RNA expression reached a maximum after 5 days, corresponding to the appearance of neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages, and decreased by day 6 with increased numbers of differentiated neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. Induction of D3 RNA in EML was dependent on IL-3 and was not induced in response to SCF or atRA alone or SCF in combination with 15 other hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) tested. Similarly, D3 was not expressed in the normal bone marrow cell (BMC) counterpart of EML cells, Linlo c-Kit+ Sca-1(+) progenitor cells. D3 RNA expression was induced in these cells when cultured for 7 days in IL-3 plus SCF. A comparison of the expression of D3 RNA in cell lines and normal BMC populations demonstrated that D3 is induced during macrophage and granulocyte differentiation and suggests a potential physiological role for D3 in normal myeloid differentiation.